11^th Asia Pacific Conference on Polymer Science and Engineering October 22-23, 2020 Tokyo, Japan

Polymeric physics deals with physical modeling of polymers. Polymeric material chemistry facilitates the chemical synthesis which allows the designing and study of new materials. The synthesis is performed with useful physical characteristics like magnetic, optical, catalytic and structural properties.

Polymers synthesis determines the molecular structure and it will help us to avoid side reactions and achieve a worthy product. Polymerization polymers can be of many types. First one is the Chain growth polymerization and second is Step growth polymerization. In chain growth, polymerization is activated by the activation of neighboring monomers of a monomer. High molecular weight polymers are obtained quickly with a rapid process of chain growth polymerization. On the other hand, in step growth polymerization, bi functional monomers are combined in a systematic approach to build covalent bonds. In this process molecular weight increases slowly and in step wise.

Non-biodegradable polymers are harmful to the environment. As they are non-degradable they contaminate the soil in the land. And also the organism living in the sea can also affected when we throw the polymers into the sea. To get rid of such problem we can suggest an alternate by using the degradable polymer substances and products. Recycling of the polymer waste is far better than landfill it or dispose it. Environment may affect with disposal of polymers in the landfill because they stay back in the earth for a long period of time and they cannot be composted by the microbe. Also they may produce the harmful gases result in the increase of global warming level. The disposed polymer without a proper recycling can adversely changes the ecosystem which contaminates the water, food resources and oxygen levels in the air. In short run the polymer waste disposal can cause the health and respiratory problems in human as well as in other living organisms.

On the other hand, biodegradable Biopolymers can be digested in aerobic condition to produce home compost or industrial compost. In aerobic degradation process, biochemical in the soil helps us to convert the polymers as compost. Biopolymers digested in anaerobic state can be used as biogas. In the way of anaerobic bio-degradation of polymers chemical recycling is applied. Basic process in chemical recycling is done by selective dissolution from the mixed streams of waste. And chemical recycling can also use the de-polymerization to recycle the biopolymers. In Chemical recycling Biopolymers went through the many phases in which recycling is performed together with fossil-based counterpart.

 Polymers which made by the human are synthetic and polymers which are made by its own with the help of geographical weather conditions are green polymers. Commonly synthetic polymers are made from petro chemical oils under the research and provision of the engineers and scientists. We can consider nylon, polythene, polyester and Teflon as the best examples for synthetic polymers. Green polymers can also referred as natural polymers. Few examples of natural polymers are silk, wool, proteins and DNA. Natural polymers are produced naturally or they may be derived by the living organism.

Polymers are multifaceted materials. This feature of polymer facilitates the people to manipulate the properties and behavior of the polymers according the requirement in the application area. This makes possible to provide a way to made polymer as a part in many trending inventions in medical, scientific, bio medical and electronics fields. In all such fields scientist have been combine the molecules of the polymers with other functional substances and produce a new featured polymer with desired features and properties.

Any non-polar chemical substance that is viscous liquid and does not mix with water but mixes with other non-polar liquids is nothing but Oil. Oil is surface active and flammable and it contains high carbon and hydrogen substances. Oil can be form from animals, vegetables and petro chemical resources. Bio-Inorganic chemistry deals with how the metals and non-metals play a role in biological systems. The major functioning of bio-systems is depends on the metals. In the Bio-Inorganic chemistry we will study about the metal proteins as well as artificially created metals. Bio-Inorganic chemistry consist of two major components, one is ‘the study of naturally occurring inorganic elements in bio-systems and other is involve these inorganic elements as probes into biological systems.

Normally Polymers are insulators for electricity but to enable their insulating capability conductive materials like silver have been added to the chemical formulation. It will extend the conductivity of the electricity. The reasons like polymer is good insulator of heat, it can form any shape, have low density, require low finishing cost and solubility in organic solvents, made it suitable for electronics. Depending on the type of charge transport by the carriers in the polymers Polymer conductor are divided into two classes. One is Ionically conductive polymer and another is Electronically conductive polymer. Because of the above said reasons polymers can be used in many electronics devices TV screens, printable electronics, sensors, flexible electronics and in electromechanical applications. Polymers can also be used in the optical fiber which links the remote location to a network of management console.

Colloid is a solution in which a tiny dispersed insoluble or soluble particle are suspended throughout another substance. Colloid has two phases dispersed and continuous phase that arise by phase separation. If the mixture does not settle or take very long time to settle it is considered as qualified colloid. Polymer Science is inherited from the field in which new materials such as solids are designed and discovered. As like that, solid synthetic polymers elastomers and plastics are considered as primary materials to be ascertaining in the field of Polymer Science.

Now a day, 3D printer gives the possibility to the human to create anything virtually by taking any raw material from metal and ceramic to sugar. Earliest days of 3D printing is limited to produce the product with plastic and it provides possibility to use any kind of material in the 3D printing. Mostly used plastics in the 3D printing are Polylactic acid (PLA), Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and Polyvinyl Alcohol Plastic (PVA). These three kinds of plastics stimulate the evolution of 3D printing. In addition to these plastics on the other hand we can use the various types of plastics like Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), Polycarbonate, Carbon fiber.

A survey stated that 14% of Biopolymer usage is expected to grow in the year of 2022. That survey motivates us to find the methods and ways to recycle and manage the Biopolymer waste. Once a biopolymer product is used, it can be changed as any of the recycled product. Biopolymers can be biodegradable Biopolymers can be recycled and non-degradable biopolymers can be littered or land filled. In rare cases, Biopolymers can also dissolved in water. Although there are several options to manage the biopolymer waste such recycling and digestion to make it as compost. Such recycling methods have positive impact on environment and economy. Littering and land filling help us to manage the waste and on the other hand it is also possible to recycle the biopolymers mechanically and chemically. In any type of recycling the waste should be collected and sorted in order to decide whether to recycle or to landfill. The Pre-consumed Biopolymers can be easy to collect, low contaminated where as post-consumed Biopolymers hard to collect, highly contaminated.

Another interesting field related to polymers is Polymers Design and Reaction. In this field we are using many designs to understand the reactions of the polymers. Generally polymers tend to viscous. It often imposes lower limits on their concentrations in diluents. In order to observe such reactions we must have design. Reaction system design can be made by considering various factors like product sequence, reactor configuration, reactor conditions, heat removal, fluid mechanics, mass-transfer limitations, thermo dynamics constraints, process dynamics and reactor stability.

In the petroleum industry Polymerization is the process of transforming light olefin gases into hydrocarbons of higher molecular weight and higher octane number. The olefin gases consist of ethylene, propylene and butylenes. Polymerization in petroleum refinery combines two or more identical olefin gases molecules to form a single molecule with same proportions of the substances as in the original. This polymerization is done in the presence of catalyst and accomplished thermally at lower temperatures.

Biopolymers and Bioplastics are produced by the natural substances. Microorganism produces Bioplastics from the used plastic containers and agricultural by products. On the other hand common fossil-fuel plastics are derived from the natural resources like petroleum and natural gas. In the process of Bioplastic production, polymers are used which are obtained from the natural organism. The molecules primarily known as monomeric modules are exist in the Bioploymers to produce large structures. According to monomeric molecule structure used, Biopolymer can be categorized into three main classes. The classes are, Ploynucleotids, Polypetides and Polysaccharides. Rubber and Cellulose is the most common compound and biopolymer on the Earth.